ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE?

Is both the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. Researchers hope machines will exhibit are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. One example is the robots that can solve the famous rubic´s cube in seconds´ time.

And this is a computer that can make a tetris game in real time on its own:

WHO ARE THE MAIN CREATORS AND DEVELOPERS OF A.I.?

In the 20th century, a group of scientists began to investigate the building intelligent machines, based on recent discoveries in neurology, an understanding of control and stability called cybernetics, and above all, by the invention of the digital computer, a machine based on mathematical reasonment.

It was made a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. Those who attended would become the leaders of AI research for many decades, especially John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, who founded AI laboratories at MIT, CMU and Stanford.

In the early 21th century, Artificial intelligence was adopted throughout the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for logistics, data mining, medical diagnosis and many other areas.

This is a medical robot that is only 1 cm large.


Nowadays, of course, research and developement of A.I. continues with special interests.


A.I. PROBLEMS:

Appart from the technical problems, which are several, developement of A.I. bring lots of ethic and philosophical problems, which are very complicated for explaining. The philosofical problems are for example: CAN MACHINES THINK? , and this problem is a very complcated cuestion.



A.I. IN SCIENCE FICTION MOVIES AND BOOKS:


The A.I. has inpired lots of movies, because it inspire us both fear and surprise, like these:

• Star Wars, were lots of robots appeared, and were nearly the protagonists.

• i, robot





• A.I.





• blade runner




• ...

And lots of novels, for the same reason. The main creator of science fiction novels about robotics was Asimov, who created the 3 laws of robotics, very useful for scientists even today:

1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.







2. A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.





3. 
   A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

These are some of the novels that Asimov created:

• I, robot

• robot dreams




• Foundation and earth




• Second foundation